Canceled Clients (4762)
Children categories
Train Your Body (438)
The show for fitness buffs or beginners. Expert guest from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) discuss all areas of fitness, nutrition, athletics and sports medicine.
View items...
Staying Well (382)
RadioMD’s “talking” Health A-Z hosted by senior health correspondent, Melanie Cole, MS. Melanie interviews experts in the world of health, wellness, fitness and medicine.
View items...
Healthy Talk w/ Dr. Michael Smith (698)
Integrative physician, Michael A. Smith, MD is committed to providing listeners with the most current health information available.
View items...
Naturally Savvy (899)
Registered Holistic Nutritionist, Andrea Donsky and health expert Lisa Davis discuss their passion for living a natural, healthy lifestyle.
View items...
Eat Right Radio (48)
EatRight Radio, with experts from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, discusses food and nutrition topics, healthy weight, allergies and health conditions, healthy aging, food safety and so much more. Give us 10-minutes and we'll give you the important information and expert advice from registered dietitian nutritionists to help you eat right, feel better, and live a healthier life. Hosted by Melanie Cole, MS.
View items...
Sharecare Radio (235)
Sharecare Radio, hosted by Sharecare’s own Dr. Darria Long Gillespie, SVP of Clinical Strategy at Sharecare, will appear live every Tuesday from 12 to 1 p.m. EST on RadioMD. Dr. Darria will break down the top health news of the week, pull in experts from around the country on a wide array of health topics and answer listeners’ live questions on all things health.
View items...
Wellness for Life (455)
On Wellness For Life Radio you will learn practical, easy-to implement tips to improve your life and start feeling better — the natural way.
View items...
The Wizard of Eyes (163)
Dr. Robert Abel Jr. talks about many of the important and unrecognized parts of our visual system which we so often take for granted. The show covers the usual common ocular disorders with an East/West approach to both prevention and therapy. The eye-brain connection is presented with information about memory retention, Alzheimer's, the myopia epidemic, and many more subjects. Dr. Abel discusses how the eye and vision are connected with remote parts of the body including your gut flora, musculoskeletal system, blood pressure, drugs and lifestyle. practical and simple health tips.
View items...
Code Delicious with Dr. Mike (135)
Code Delicious with Dr. Mike breaks all the rules. Unabashedly confronting the questions, concerns and conundrums that continually confuse both public and experts alike; Dr. Mike takes us on a tasty trip of inquiry.
View items...
CLEAN Food Network (98)
This show is a call to action for all the clean eating revolutionaries that care about their health and how and what they eat. Non-GMO, natural, organic . . . food the way nature intended. The clean food movement is huge and is growing exponentially. This companion program talks to experts in food preparation, healthcare, celebrities, and even those companies that care enough to provide the best, wholesome, organic foods and groceries.
View items...
Talk Healthy Today (213)
Looking to create your best self? Whether it’s good-for-you lifestyle hacks, smarter ways to supplement, or tasty tips to fuel optimal health, Talk Healthy Today brings you the latest research, tools, and common sense tips you need to get and stay healthy... starting today!
View items...
Be a Doer (17)
Be A Doer features master coach and TV personality John Abdo as he shares health and fitness tips aimed at getting you in shape – and keeping you there!
View items...The Power of Probiotics (3)
Probiotics is a major global industry. But like any industry, it had to have a beginning. Natasha Trenev is the daughter of an Eastern European family where the manufacturing of yogurt was a generational business. When Natasha emigrated to the US in the 1960’s, she brought with her 750 years of family experience with probiotics – and introduced the science (and the term itself) to her new country. Today, Natasha’s California-based Natren, Inc. is the recognized pioneer in probiotics and company founder Natasha Trenev has earned recognition as the Mother of Probiotics. Her more than 50 years of work in natural health is at the core of the unparalleled success of her company – and you will benefit from her depth of expertise in each and every episode of THE POWER OF PROBIOTICS.
Probiotics are live microrganisms that are commonly referred to as ‘friendly,’ ‘good’ or ‘healthy’ bacteria that function to help maintain the natural balance of organisms in the intestine. Throughout Natasha’s extensive work in the field of probiotics, she has always been amazed by how nature provides the very ‘good’ bacteria that can help overpower ‘bad’ bacteria to keep our digestive tracts functioning at peak performance. Properly cultivating friendly bacteria and ensuring their potency is at the core of the Natren Process. Natren is cited – by retailers, by the medical community and by consumers – as the best probiotic supplement available. Only Natren carefully chooses its probiotic cultures, formulates and manufactures its industry standard probiotics in its own plant and utilizes a specially-formulated oil matrix to protect probiotics bacteria to survive until they reach their destination in the upper small intestine. This is why only Natren is the most trusted probiotic supplement on the market. Truly, where other probiotic supplements promise – Natren Delivers.
To learn more about how probiotics can benefit your health, we are proud to introduce you to THE POWER OF PROBIOTICS with The Mother of Probiotics, Natasha Trenev.
Your Brain Health (24)
Noted Los Angeles-based neuroscientist and media personality Dr. Kristen Willeumier launches Your Brain Health with Dr. Kristen Willeumier, a podcast series that explores the latest news and information in the burgeoning science of brain health.
View items...
Additional Info
- Segment Number 1
- Audio File healthy_talk/1510ht1a.mp3
- Organization Life Extension
- Guest Website Healthy Talk MD
- Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Internal Notes NO GUEST
- Host Mike Smith, MD
Additional Info
- Segment Number 4
- Audio File centra_health/1508ct2d.mp3
- Doctors Huff, Laura B.
- Featured Speaker Laura B. Huff, PA-C
- Guest Bio Laura Huff, PA-C, earned her master of physician assistant studies at the Jefferson College of Health Sciences in Roanoke and her bachelor of arts in biology at Roanoke College. She previously worked at Southern California Psychiatric Associates, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian, A Mission for Michael and St. Joseph Health Mission Hospital in Orange County, California. She is a member of the Virginia Academy of Physician Assistants and the American Academy of Physician Assistants.
-
Transcription
Bill Klaproth (Host): The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that severe depression and anxiety can more than double the risk of developing hypertension, a major contributor to heart disease. Then, study after study shows that people who are lonely, depressed, and isolated are more likely to die prematurely than people who feel connection in their lives. This is very interesting. Here to explain more is Laura Huff. She is a physician’s assistant at Centra Health. Laura, thanks so much for being on with us today. There really is something going on here with depression and heart disease. Can you just quickly share with us, what is the link between the two?
Laura Huff (Guest): Sure. Well, just to begin, sometimes folks that already have some preexisting depression, they are less likely to go ahead and get follow-up with any type of medical provider. And so, if they are suffering from any type of hypertension or increased cholesterol, then they are a lot less likely to follow up with their primary care providers in order to have what -- folks that are not struggling with depression, they typically would follow up with anybody to be able to get their blood work drawn and just to make sure that they’re not struggling with hypertension. Same deal is if they’ve already struggled with anything like a heart attack or they’ve had any type of CABG or cardiovascular event. If they’re struggling with depression, they’ll be just a lot less likely to follow up and get the care that they need.
Bill: Well, that makes complete sense. If you’re depressed, you’re probably not as interested in going to the doctor and potentially taking care of yourself. That makes total sense. Laura, why is depression so hard on the heart?
Laura: A few things. Whenever a person is depressed, then they are a lot more likely to have things like cortisol, which are very negative, things that can go through your body and course through your body. And a lot of the times also, you can have some hypertension, which is very hard on the heart, especially if you’re depressed and even anxious sometimes. If you struggle with anxiety and feeling very tense and just feeling like you can’t relax, that’s a lot more likely that you’re going to be struggling with hypertension, which can be very hard on your heart over the course of time. That’s typically what can happen.
Bill: Does mental stress and depression affect women’s hearts more than men’s?
Laura: Not necessarily more than, but what you have to look out for is that everybody expect for men to have cardiac disease. You always hear about “Oh, well my grandfather had a heart attack in his 40s or in his 50s.” That’s always things that you have to look out for because you get a lot of classic symptoms, like feeling like an elephant sitting on your chest or your left arm going numb or having perioral numbness around your mouth, the tingling kind of crushing chest pain. Those are all things that we’re informed of. But typically that’s a lot more likely to happen in males, whereas females, especially elderly females, they come in, they have nausea, they have vomiting. Maybe they’ll complain of feeling like they have some GERD in their throat. You have to be aware of those symptoms and think that that’s probably cardiac-related because women, they just don’t present the same. Women are not excluded from having any type of cardiac symptoms. They can absolutely have some heart attacks or hypertension or high risk of having a stroke. So you just have to be particularly careful. And I’m not sure if there is a link that’s more predominant in women with depression. However, I know that those men and women are at risk for suffering from depression especially after cardiac events.
Bill: What are the general warning signs of depression?
Laura: Of depression? There are certain things that we look out for. You always want to ask your patient if their sleep pattern has changed, so if they’re sleeping more or if they’re sleeping less. You always want to go ahead and ask if they’re suffering from any type of guilt, feelings of guilt or isolating themselves, preferring to be alone instead of hanging out with family or friends. You always want to ask about their appetite. Has it increased? We hear sometimes those that are depressed will eat more, or if it decreased, have you lost weight. That is a really important indicator. Also, energy level which is really tricky because any type of cardiac event, especially heart attack or bypass, you’re not going to have a lot of energy because you have been through such a difficult situation. If they are depressed, they also complain of not having a lot of energy or having fatigue and not being interested in doing things that they usually like to do. There are a lot of things that you need to ask for. But also, concentration issues can occur, and also something that’s called anhedonia or just having a lack of interest in things or activities that you usually like to participate in. So, just feeling very fatigued and very down.
Bill: When is it time to call the doctor? If you notice this depression in a loved one, when do you call the doctor? What do you need to see?
Laura: Persistent symptoms that last longer than two weeks, that’s when I would call. Of course, if your loved one is endorsing that they have thoughts of suicide or homicidal thoughts, then I would most definitely get them to someone immediately, if not even the emergency department.
Bill: What are the general tips for treating depression? I take it when you treat depression, then you’re also treating the potential heart disease at the same time?
Laura: Correct. Definitely. By treating the depression, you could do that of course in multiple ways. Gold standard treatment of depression is often serotonin agents, things like Zoloft, Prozac, Lexapro, maybe even serotonin and norepinephrine agents like Effexor, Pristiq, and others.However, you do have to be a little bit cautious because the norepinephrine can increase blood pressure. Those are things that you can certainly try, but then also therapy—psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy—and then also just making sure that you’re spending time with your loved one and they can feel like they’re not alone in the situation and just giving them more choices about activities, things to do, just making them feel like they’re a part of what’s going on.
Bill: Social interaction is really important.
Laura: Definitely.
Bill: What other tips can you give a caregiver or a spouse or a family member that’s dealing with somebody that may have depression?
Laura: I would say make sure that you’re taking care of yourself as well. Because sometimes caregivers can put more focus and effort on their loved one that’s just been through cardiac events, especially if they realize that they’re struggling with some depression. Sometimes loved ones and significant others, they tend to put all of their efforts on the person that is struggling with those things. I would definitely encourage them to make sure that they’re taking care of themselves. It’s good for the person that has suffered from depression with the cardiac event for them to have their own alone time but not too much. But also, it’s very helpful for the caregiver to get some time to recollect and make sure that they are spending on themselves so that they don’t end up with depression.
Bill: Well, that makes sense. You got to take care of yourself too so you can take care of that loved one as well. Why should people come to Centra Health for their healthcare needs?
Laura: I would recommend Centra to my loved ones, which I think is always important. You always want to work somewhere that you feel comfortable referring people to. I’ve had nothing but positive comments come back saying that everyone that they’ve come in contact with at Centra, from the person that checks them in at the front door to the person that sees them to the nursing staff to everybody, they just overall are very comfortable and feel like they’re very welcoming and kind. I think that that’s it. And also very knowledgeable and intelligent staff, physicians, and providers as well as different levels of folks. I think it’s a good place to come. If you want the best of care, then come to Centra.
Bill: Absolutely. Laura, thanks so much for your time today. For more information on depression and heart attack, please visit centrahealth.com. That’s centrahealth.com. This is Centra Healthy Radio. I’m Bill Klaproth. Thanks for listening.
- Hosts Bill Klaproth
Additional Info
- Segment Number 5
- Audio File wellness_for_life/1509wl5e.mp3
- Featured Speaker Susanne Bennett, DC
- Guest Website Dr. Susanne
-
Transcription
RadioMD Presents: Wellness for Life Radio | Original Air Date: February 27, 2015
Host: Susanne Bennett, DC
It’s time to feel better with help from Dr. Susanne Bennett. Allergies, nutrition, ultimate wellness—all discussed right here, right now. It’s Wellness for Life Radio on RadioMD.Here’s your host, Dr. Susanne.
DR. SUSANNE: As we age, we all eventually experience a decline in our cognitive abilities. Our memory starts to fail, we may not be as alert or focused and our brain may just feel super foggy. We have a difficult time retrieving words and even trouble creating sentences. In fact, my own sweet mama, 83 years young, Sarah Chung confided in me a couple of months ago that her number one fear—her number one fear that she has-- is that she may be losing her mind. In fact, she used the word “Alzheimer’s” to me. Wait. Wait. Wait. She actually pronounced it “Old Timers”. She’s Korean with a Korean accent, but I knew exactly what she was talking about. She called it “Old Timers. I’m so afraid of it.” Now, my mom is in great health. She eats well, walks daily, watches her Korean drama shows and gets her exercise by dancing around to Korean pop. But, she does have her forgetful moments. A lot of us have experienced that as well, not remembering little things here and there, which really, really frustrates her terribly. Now, one of the things that is a constant thing is that she actually loses the place where she parked her car. She’s in a big mall and she doesn’t remember what floor she was at, so I taught her how to take a picture of it--where she’s at--so that she can always look back at it.
But, anyone who has a parent who is over 75 years old understands these little mishaps. So I reassured her. Told her to calm down. “Mom, that’s okay.” You know, that she does have these memory issues, but definitely “You don’t have Alzheimer’s”. Now, it’s called type 3 diabetes or the diabetic brain. I’ve written an article on this called, The Nine Key Strategies to Prevent Dementia and Early Alzheimer’s Disease. You can get that on my website, DrSusanne.com/OldTimers. You can find that on my radio page. Now, I expressed to her that, “You know what? We’re going to do whatever it takes and change some of your lifestyle as well as what you’re eating,” so that we can strengthen and create her brain to spark again without having any ill effects in the future. I reminded her that her mother lived to 104, so I told her, no worries. We were going to do the same for her. Then, a few days after I gave my mother her Old Timers protocol, CNN.com came out with this very interesting article about reversing dementia and ADD and how to improve the brain. That was perfect timing.
Now, the article is based on a study by Dr. Dale Bredesen from UCLA, my alma mater, at the UCLA’s Mary S. Easton Center for Disease Research and it was basically all the things that I shared with my mother about that lifestyle and you can make these changes and make these choices properly so that you can enhance your brain’s function.
Dr. Dale goes over 7 strategies and I end up going into 9 key strategies. I added a couple more. Again, you can get that at DrSusanne.com/OldTimers. Now, so let’s go into the four strategies. I talk about 9, but I’m going to give you 4 lifestyle strategies here because we don’t have that much time.
Number one, we’ve got to look at your gut health and how diet has everything to do with it. Now, Dr. Eli Metchinikoff, who was an old scientist way back when, believed that death begins in the gut. Same thing with Hippocrates, our father of medicine. He stated that all diseases begin in the gut. So, that means we’ve got look at why. Why do we have to look at the gut? You know, it is often referred to as our second brain. There’s the brain with our gut nervous system and our brain with just our head brain that has a communication physiologically. They mirror each other in our health, so if we’ve got inflammation in our gut because we’re eating the wrong foods; you’re not having enough probiotics; if you’re eating, also, toxins; and then you might even have a real bad overgrowth of bacteria or yeast overgrowth, then it’s going to affect your gut, too. Remember, it communicates with one another. So, the most important thing is they’re finding that sugar--when you eat too much sugar and you have a condition that’s caused insulin insensitivity and that’s literally pre-diabetes--it causes inflammation in our body and that is what is causing the possible dementia and rapid deterioration which then goes into Alzheimer’s. So, if you want to have a healthier body, healthier brain, we’ve got to change the food that we’re eating and reducing our sugar level. By reducing our sugar level, we end up digesting better, the insulin effect is less and we’re not going to have as much damage to our brain.
A four-week study that focused on diets and consisted of healthy foods as well as unhealthy foods, found that definitely it had a positive impact on reducing the beta amyloid levels and that beta amyloid levels are actually the plaque in the brain. It’s one of the biggest signs of Alzheimer’s. Also they found that strategic fasting or intermittent fasting, another word for that, has suggested also it will reduce the beta amyloid levels. What you want to do is, you want to fast from 7 PM to 7 AM. So that means, after dinner—have an early dinner--and don’t eat anything else until after that time. So, if you eat at 7 PM, don’t eat anything until after 7 AM when you wake up and that’s thought to help give us time to break down those beta amyloid proteins.
The number two factor that I want you to think about is sleep. You want deep, uninterrupted sleep because studies showed that during our sleep, we detox out chemicals like heavy metals and arsenic and lead, chemicals that we breathe in the air and foods that we might be eating loaded with pesticides, fungicides and fertilizers. So, we need 7-8 hours as adults. When you have children, they need a lot more—anywhere from 9-11 hours depending on their age.
Number three, we need to change the lifestyle of exercise and circulation. Circulation improving the blood flow into the brain through exercise and massage will help decline the dementia and Alzheimer’s because we’re getting more blood flow to the brain, detoxing out those toxins, reducing those cortisol levels. Cortisol, which I’m going to talk about next, is about the stress and actually, cortisol will start to degrade the hippocampus, the brain’s memory center.
So, the next one, the fourth factor that I want you to know is about mindfulness and stress reduction. There’s no way we can have a healthy brain without reducing our stress. It may sound like a “no-brainer” but living with less stress and a more positive attitude is really key to a healthy brain function. So, you can do things where you can relax, go and meditate, go ahead and have a positive outlook, do meditation tapes and things like that. For me, I love to relax in the sun or go and play with my dog. That reduces my cortisol and it helps me relax more.
Now, I’m going to go over the brain healthy nutrients. These are brain boosters. So, I’m just going to go one by one so that you can get an idea of what it takes to have a healthy brain and healthy outlook.
So, acetylcarnitine is one of those neuroprotector formulas. Acetylcarnitine, it’s called, and it really helps improve mental energy, mental clarity and reduces any of these memory issues that you have because it helps the connection from nerve to nerve. Vitamin B12 is really important. It lowers our homocysteine level, but it also is excellent in increasing blood flow as well as developing healthy nerve cells. It reduces the depression and stress. Glycerophosphocholine, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl choline are all fatty acid supplements for brain health. They increase the flexibility of the nerve cell and makes it more fluid to exchange nutrients and excrete toxins. Vitamin D is so important to improve your immunity as well as help you with modulation of your immune system and increase mental fitness. Omega-3s are so important to get those DHA polyphenol like EG, CG and resveratrol.
Wow. We all have those powers to change our brain by changing our lifestyle and what we take nutritionally.
Until then, thanks so much for giving me this opportunity to serve you. I’m dedicated to helping you feel better and the best that you can today.
This is Wellness for Life radio on RadioMD.
See you next time. Stay well, everyone.
[END OF RECORDING] - Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Host Susanne Bennett, DC
Additional Info
- Segment Number 4
- Audio File wellness_for_life/1509wl5d.mp3
- Featured Speaker June Silny, Author
- Guest Website June Silny
- Guest Twitter Account @LivingOutLoud
-
Guest Bio
June is a personal excellence coach and writer. Her recent article, “20 Things to Remember if You Love Someone Who Has ADD,” was a viral sensation with over 1.9 million shares. June writes about her life with ADHD on her website, http://junesilny.com, where she teaches people how to stress less, sleep better, stop fighting, and love more.
- Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Host Susanne Bennett, DC
Additional Info
- Segment Number 3
- Audio File wellness_for_life/1509wl5c.mp3
- Featured Speaker June Silny, Author
- Guest Website June Silny
- Guest Twitter Account @LivingOutLoud
-
Guest Bio
June Silny is a personal excellence coach and writer. Her recent article, “20 Things to Remember if You Love Someone Who Has ADD,” was a viral sensation with over 1.9 million shares. June writes about her life with ADHD on her website http://junesilny.com where she teaches people how to stress less, sleep better, stop fighting, and love more.
- Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Host Susanne Bennett, DC
Additional Info
- Segment Number 2
- Audio File wellness_for_life/1509wl5b.mp3
- Featured Speaker Cheryl Liew-Chng, Author
- Guest Website The 24 Hour Woman
-
Guest Bio
Having served in leadership positions in multiple industries and countries, Cheryl Liew-Chng transitioned to become an award-winning international speaker, trainer, coach and author. In addition to being the founder of LifeWorkz, a management consulting practice, Cheryl is also a recognized authority for women leadership and personal development. Meet Cheryl at www.The24HourWoman.com which guides women in redesigning and transitioning to live a “live most excellent.”
-
Transcription
RadioMD Presents: Wellness for Life Radio | Original Air Date: February 27, 2015
Host: Susanne Bennett, DC
Guest: Cheryl Liew-Chng, Author
It’s time to feel better with help from Dr. Susanne Bennett. Allergies, nutrition, ultimate wellness—all discussed right here, right now. It’s Wellness for Life Radio on RadioMD. Here’s your host, Dr. Susanne.
It’s time to feel better with help from Dr. Susanne Bennett. Allergies, nutrition, ultimate wellness—all discussed right here, right now. It’s Wellness for Life Radio on RadioMD. Here’s your host, Dr. Susanne.
DR. SUSANNE: Between family, work and our “to do” list, women are busier than ever before. I know I fall into the same trap of wishing there were more than 24 hours in a single day because I manage an extremely busy life, as many of us do.
Now, my next guest is here to share how you can start to overcome the challenge of being too busy, how to stop being overwhelmed and start to enjoy your life instead of constantly chipping away at these tasks that we deal with every day.
Please welcome the author of The 24-Hour Woman, Cheryl Liew Chng.
Hi, Cheryl.
CHERYL: Hey, Susanne. Great to be on your show.
DR. SUSANNE: Oh, thank you so much.
Now, in this whole busyness of daily life, we’re constantly trying to navigate our work/life challenges, so how do we do that successfully? What should we be doing?
CHERYL: Well, I would say first off, let’s take some time off and appreciate what you have and appreciate your achievements over the years. We all are standing on a position of strength and very often we forget that in the busyness of life and in everything that we are trying solve. In my practice with coaching and training women from around the world, those that have lived happy, fulfilled and truly successful lives on their own terms, one of the fundamental practices that we all recognize is that there’s a sense of appreciation and gratitude. So, for me pillar number one for the 24 hour woman is about appreciating where she is right now and identifying the growth that she has already achieved and celebrating and recognizing the opportunity to be growing even more and even further with all that is happening.
The second thing that we need to be really, really acutely aware of in the midst of all this noise that’s around us is to be aware of where you are right now--of where you want to be. For that to happen, you would need to have the clarity of really, what is our legacy? What do we want to building every single day? And, because you are, then, aware of your legacy, you’re very involved on a day-to-day basis to create a success around that. So pillar number one is appreciation. Pillar number two is awareness. Pillar number four is a sense of acceptance. Wherever you are, whatever your state, is “I’ve heard so many women say, ‘Oh, I can’t do that because…’” but let’s change the conversation and say that “I can do that in spite of” because acknowledging and having acceptance of where we are doesn’t mean that there’s a sense of denial or there’s acquiescence. They’re just saying “Yes. I’m taking stock. I know where this is now and I’m accepting and it I’m using it, however, as my launching pad instead.” So, accept where you are and move on. Change the conversation. That’s readying our mind.
So then, there is health pillar number four, a sense of accountability. It’s about the discipline to do more or less of what is needed to continue with the journey towards our legacy. It’s not about finding fault or putting blame, but yes, I take stock and I take account accountability and I move on. Now, that is a sense of hope and optimism. The 24 hour woman is happy and vibrant and fulfilled because there’s a sense of optimism that she’s having the momentum to be moving to towards her legacy and building toward it every single day which brings me, then to pillar number five.
This is really about action. The 24 hour woman is a woman of action, but do not be caught by surprise that by her sitting silent and keeping still is not an inaction. In fact, that is a very proactive, a very difficult action to take. Just to sit still and wait for things to move on and to find the right timing to take action. So, being still is not an inaction. Being still is an action—one of the most deliberate pieces about taking action so that she’s engaged in that which is strategy, bringing about her legacy and her goals. So, the five that I’ve seen have been very powerful when it comes together.
Appreciation, acceptance, accountability, things about taking action. These are the five. Appreciate things that are around you. Being aware, acutely aware. Taking a sense of being and acting where you are right now, but using it as a strength and launching pad. Taking accountability as you maneuver and then taking action. These are the five.
Sorry. Go ahead.
DR. SUSANNE: No, I love what you’re saying because it’s so important to be able to utilize these tools every day and you could actually talk about it every day. Put those out there and make sure that you are living that life that you want to lead and it doesn’t have to be right away either, does it? I mean, Cheryl, a lot of us are like, “Oh, we’re getting so old and I’ve got to get all these things done within such a short period of time.” Everyone has kind of like a timeframe, but using your pillars, we can really do that for the rest of our lives, can’t we?
CHERYL: Absolutely. There’s no time. You’re not bound by time. It’s about everything in the moment, living fullness and being engaged. You know, I’ve had women that ask themselves multiple times in a day, “How aware am I? Am I back in the present? Am I aware of what’s happening? Am I taking action or is it a strategy time to be inactive around this at this point in time?” Do not be framed by the amount of time, and then try to hurry through it because hurrying through it sometimes does not give you the result that you want. It’s really being engaged and enjoying and being fulfilled and happy at the end of the day rather than disillusioned and disappointed at the end of the day because you’re only giving yourself a 24-hour timeframe. Give yourself a longer horizon and enjoy the journey and that is part of living a happy, active and a well life.
DR. SUSANNE: That’s great. You know, there’s one statement that you say. It’s one of your practices in your book. “I will not wear a ski jacket on a tropical vacation.” Can you explain that?
CHERYL: Yes. Well, that’s one of my favorites and that came about as I wrote the book around the five pillars and I wanted something that the community of women that I am working with have something that they can live by, something that they can paste on the walls and all and remind them, that “I will not wear a ski jacket.” No. That’s why being aware of what are your circumstances and accepting it is important so that you do not gear yourself up for the wrong occasion. You do not have the expectations that are going to bring disillusionment. If you are raising a young family right now, one of the key pieces of not wearing a ski jacket is, if you are thinking of having an international practice and raising a young family, what does that mean? Are you wearing a ski jacket on a tropical vacation? Because that time, too, will pass and then you can have your tropical vacation and then your ski vacation, but the thing is, being [inaudible 08:13] at the right fit at the right time.
DR. SUSANNE: That’s important.
CHERYL: That’s important for you to enjoy that part of that journey because it’s going to serve you well as you move on to the next phase in life, whether your career or your personal life or your family life. Managing expectations of not wearing a ski jacket on a tropical vacation.
DR. SUSANNE: Love that. Love that concept. You know, you’ve really got to be prepared for this and the situation that we’re all in, whether it’s the timing, whether it’s who your with, your audience, all that. You know, everyone, you can get the book—Cheryl’s book—The 24-hour Woman, by looking at DrSusanne.com/24hourwoman. Meaning Dr. Susanne, S-U-S-A-N-N-E.com/24 (and that’s the number 2-4) hour woman. And, by going there, you’re going to be able to look at her videos and get access on how to get amazing, amazing content and also get her book. It’s a fantastic book.
Thank you so much Cheryl. For more information, also you can go to my Wellness for Life radio page on RadioMD.
Thank you so much for listening. Until next time, I’m Dr. Susanne sharing natural strategies for ultimate health and wellness right here on RadioMD.
Stay well everyone.
[END OF RECORDING] - Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Host Susanne Bennett, DC
Additional Info
- Segment Number 1
- Audio File wellness_for_life/1509wl5a.mp3
- Featured Speaker Cheryl Liew-Chng, Author
- Guest Website The 24 Hour Woman
-
Guest Bio
Having served in leadership positions in multiple industries and countries, Cheryl Liew-Chng transitioned to become an award-winning international speaker, trainer, coach and author. In addition to being the founder of LifeWorkz, a management consulting practice, Cheryl is also a recognized authority for women leadership and personal development. Meet Cheryl at www.The24HourWoman.com which guides women in redesigning and transitioning to live a “live most excellent.”
-
Transcription
RadioMD Presents: Wellness for Life Radio | Original Air Date: February 27, 2015
Host: Susanne Bennett, DC
Guest: Cheryl Liew-Chng, Author
It’s time to feel better with help from Dr. Susanne Bennett. Allergies, nutrition, ultimate wellness—all discussed right here, right now. It’s Wellness for Life Radio on RadioMD. Here’s your host, Dr. Susanne.
DR. SUSANNE: If you’re a woman, definitely listen closely and if you are a man, you grab your girl and listen in as well. Should women strive to have it all? The ultimate life possible? A loving relationship, a family and a successful professional life? Well, my next guest has spent her career on teaching women how to achieve a fulfilled, balanced and vibrant life. Here to share some of her amazing principles, please welcome the award-winning author of The 24-Hour Woman, Cheryl Liew-Chng.
Hey, Cheryl!
CHERYL: Hey, Susanne! How are you? Thank you for this invitation.
DR. SUSANNE: Absolutely. Now, everyone, you’re going to know that there’s a little lag because we are talking to Cheryl who is calling in from Singapore. So, thanks so much.
Now, Cheryl, The 24-Hour Woman can sound really like you’re going to be a superwoman, you know? Tell me, what is your exact definition of a 24-hour woman.
CHERYL: Yes, Susanne. Well, the 24-hour woman is well, anything but the superwoman because she knows that for her to have that kind of relationship and the kind of life that you have just described, she knows that she has to be wise around what she does with her effort and her time. Very often, there are certain myths that we have with us as we were growing up. I think the biggest thing was like for us to have it all. I think, basically, in my area of work, I’ve discovered that women do want to have it all, but their definition of having it all is different from one woman to the other and the 24-hour woman who can be vibrant and live a fulfilled, happy life certainly knows that there are certain distinctions that she needs to make. One of the first areas is that when she realizes that she does not have all the resources at her disposal. She is just stressed, like all of us, having all the things to be coping with and she is mindful, however, and wise that she cannot do it all alone. So, one of the first myths I like to bust about the 24-hour woman is that she knows that she needs to be building her resources. She needs to be readying her help around her personal life, around her family life so that she is able, then, to live and thrive as the 24-hour woman she desires in living the life to the fullest that she wants.
The other humongous assumption about the 24-hour woman having it all, I think, it’s less about having it all, but more the emphasis on how do we manage it all and be happy and fulfilled rather than having it all as defined by everyone around you and beign empty and unhappy within because having it all depends on how you define what drives your happiness and fulfillment. Ultimately, with that, being able to live a vibrant life. The women I’ve worked with in my own life, what I’ve experienced is, instead of trying to have it all and trying to do it all which is what the ideal superwoman cares about, is that you master the art of navigating life successfully based on what is most important to you. What is the legacy that you want to be leaving behind? I think that’s a key piece because, you know, at the end of the day, do we ask ourselves, “Do I love all the mansions and the holidays and all I have?” Yes, of course. But, what do I truly, truly, truly value most at the end of the day? It’s really the relationships, the friendships.
What do you think, Susanne? In your own life?
DR. SUSANNE: Well, let’s talk about that, Cheryl, because you and I have talked about this intensely. We’ve been friends for about 3 years and I so respect what you teach in your book, The 24-Hour Woman because I know for myself that I live a pretty busy life. We all know that. Anyone who knows my lifestyle, my practice, how I work with food and nutrition, my supplements, I’ve got a family. I’ve got my son and, of course, I’ve got this radio show which I absolutely love. See, this all takes a lot of time and energy and you’re absolutely right. I really can’t do everything that some women would want to do. What I try to do is manage my time properly and work very efficiently so that I have a balanced life, so that I have time to go on vacation and be with my family members, be able to hang out with my girlfriends. I mean, things like that. So, I am so right there with you about managing. Managing is key. I don’t do everything. I just manage it better than most people or most women. That’s what you’re saying, aren’t you? That’s what you’re talking about—the 24-Hour woman.
CHERYL: Yes, absolutely. It’s about managing proactively and consciously by designing your day to the life that you want and having the clarity of what is the legacy you want to be leaving behind. You know, your legacy really touches so many lives through nutrition and your practice. That’s one of the key pieces or foundations to be directing your day.
DR. SUSANNE: So, when you say “creating it deliberately”, what is it that you can suggest to the women out there, and even men, what can we do right now? How do you create your day deliberately to help us deal with the day to day stresses?
CHERYL: Well, I think one of the key pieces--and this is a great time to be talking about it. You know, it is the Lunar New Year in Chinese New Year. It is time for the Great Reset. But, for that matter, for all of us, any point in time. There is no better time for a Great Reset than now. So, you do not need permission to be going for the Great Reset. But, the Great Reset will help you, then, to find yourself. The clarity as to what you want to be building towards. Every single day, we are building towards something. What do you want to be building towards? And with that, that becomes your key focus of what you do on a day to day basis. What do you say “yes” to? What do you say “no” to? And that helps you to cut down on a lot of the noise that’s around you on a day to day basis. Every action that you take, every conversation that you have, every relationship that you are investing in will help you to move towards the legacy that you are building. So that, at the end of the day, you feel fulfilled. You feel engaged because you are building toward something that you value versus day to day just running your “to do” list. I think that’s important because time is an element that we know that in the blink of an eye, it’s another year. So, begin to have clarity as to what is it that you really want to be achieving? Breaking it down to your day to day and then, therefore, you know what are the boundaries going into that. What are the boundaries day to day that you need to be setting? What would you need to say “no” to, but would you need to bundle some of the daily practices? To bundle your daily practices, or alternate some of the things you need to do rather than doing it, every day, do it on alternate days. A very clear view of simplifying your life so that you can really invest in what matters most.
DR. SUSANNE: Great.
CHERYL: I think, if you can at all, delegate.
DR. SUSANNE: Delegate things that you’ve got to do. That’s so true. You know? I know for a fact that if it wasn’t for my assistant, I really couldn’t deal with everything. We really only have time--Gosh, we’re almost down to the last minute here. I want us to finish up with those beliefs that trap us from being able to live that fulfilled, happy, vibrant life. You already went over Myth 1, which was about dealing with all of your resources. Then, Number 2. There’s Myth 2 and Myth 3. Within a minute, I hope you can go over those two myths quickly before we end our show.
CHERYL: Right. Myth 2 is all about having it all but I want you to have it all, you know, all your listeners, but have it all in your own terms. What having it all, success, means to you and the third one is really about don’t let the media, don’t let history, don’t let your social community tell you what success is about. Success is determined by you and who you authentically are, so be the 24-hour woman that’s happy, fulfilled and vibrant. Burst all those myths and have a Great Reset right now.
DR. SUSANNE: Thank you, Cheryl. Thanks so much. For more information about her book, The 24-Hour Woman, and more, please go to my Wellness for Life radio page on RadioMD and thank you so much for listening.
Until then, I’m Dr. Susanne sharing natural health remedies right here on RadioMD.
Stay well!
[END OF RECORDING] - Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Host Susanne Bennett, DC
Additional Info
- Segment Number 5
- Audio File healthy_talk/1509ht4e.mp3
- Organization Life Extension
- Guest Website Healthy Talk MD
-
Transcription
RadioMD Presents: Healthy Talk | Original Air Date: February 26, 2015
Host: Michael Smith, MD
It's time for you to be a part of the show. Email or call with questions for Dr. Mike Now. Email: AskDrMikeSmith@RadioMD.com or call: 877-711-5211. The lines are open. What are you waiting for? The doctor is in.
So, this question just came in on email and you can send me your questions right now and I'll read it on air. Here's one right now. That's AskDrMikeSmith@RadioMD.com.
This is a reference to the 5 natural workout supplements segment that I did and so the question is:
"Isn't there a protein to carb radio that's good for sore muscles?"
That's a great question because I just learned this myself from a good friend of mine, Dr. Holly Lucille, who was on my show talking about delayed onset muscle soreness. More and more people are getting out, they're working out—which is great—but that causes some sore muscles which is not necessarily a bad thing, by the way. Sore muscles actually could be, according to Dr. Lucille, a good thing. You break down the muscle fiber a little bit. You cause these little micro tears and the muscle rebuilds itself and you can rebuild stronger at an increased amount.
So, that actually could be a good thing. She talked about a protein to carb radio of 1:2 thirty minutes after you work out. So, 1 serving of protein to 2 servings of a complex carb. Now, not sugar. She made that clear. Not sugar. So, a serving of protein to 2 servings of complex carbs 30 minutes after you work out. That can help to control muscle soreness. For additional help, she mentioned curcumin and ginger. I would throw in there, as a matter of fact, one of the workout supplements that I mentioned and that was glutamine. Glutamine can be very helpful for muscle soreness. So, there you go. It's a 1:2 protein to complex carb ratio.
Okay. Going on. Next question."Should I be concerned about my sodium and sugar intake?"
Well, you know, I don't know you personally, but I'm going to make two assumptions. Number one, if you're an average American, you're eating the Standard American Diet which is S-A-D. It is. It's a very sad diet that the average American eats, so I have to make an assumption that you're eating too much salt and sugar, yes. Then, of course, you're asking me this question, right? Most people that feel like they've got it under control don't ask that question. So, the fact that you're asking tells me that you probably do have an issue with salt and sugar.
Okay. Let's talk about salt first because there are a couple of myths about salt. First is about blood pressure. The most common reason doctor's say "Limit your salt," is because it could increase blood pressure. You know, that's not really true? Did you know that? If you have bad kidneys or you already have blood pressure issues and you do too much salt, then it can be a problem.
But, if you're blood pressure is fine and you've got healthy kidneys, you can do a lot of salt and your body handles it. Your kidneys metabolize and get rid of it. But, it's still probably a good idea to manage salt a little bit better, especially with all the salt alternatives out there. I mean, Mrs. Dash. You've got good fresh herbs, spices. There's so much out there. You know, 20 years ago, at your local grocery store, there were hardly any choices. I mean, yes, it was salt and pepper. That was it. The spice aisle or the salsa aisle, I mean, that was like the exotic place to go. Only weird people went down those aisles. But now, they're all over the place. So, you know, yes. I think it's important and I believe in balance. I believe in moderation of anything.
Listen, I come from a family where we used a lot of salt. My dad would salt a salt stick and it would cause fights—especially when my Greek grandmother was cooking food for him and he would salt her food before even tasting it. Oh! She would just...and she was a tough woman. So, yes. I think it is important to be careful with salt intake. I just wanted you to know that there are some myths about it. I mean, if you do have healthy kidneys and your blood pressure is normal, it's not really about that. It's just that we have to do things in moderation especially with so many of the great spices and stuff out there. So, try to use some of that stuff more and less of the direct salt.
Now, as far as the sugar, yes. I mean, this is the big one, right? I mean, I've talked about sugar so much and I will continue to talk about sugar because it's killing us. My gosh. I mean, you know, sugar is related to abnormal lipid profiles, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease. Obviously, diabetes, nerve problems, brain problems. We're now even maybe calling Alzheimer's "diabetes in the brain" because there's some insulin and weird sugar stuff going on there. So, yes, we have to watch sugar.
Sometimes when I'm doing some lectures, I like to ask people, "What are the two diseases that were almost unheard of before we brought in processed sugars?" Do any of my listeners know? What were the two diseases that were almost unheard of before we brought in processed sugars? Anybody? Anybody? Number one, diabetes. It was there, but it was pretty uncommon. And number two, acne. Yes. Acne. So, yes, we have to watch the processed sugars and especially, just like with the salt and all the alternative salts out there and the spices and stuff like that, there are better sugars. There are less processed sugars. There's Turbinado. There's molasses. There are different ways to get sugar. We just have to limit the amount and what's really hard today is, there's so much added sugar to things, too.
As a matter of fact, I'm going to be doing a segment coming up on the effects of added sugar and how that was actually shown recently to increase all-cause mortality. So, that's coming up on a future segment. So, yes, you need to watch your sugar. Because you're asking me the question, if you really have a big, big, big sugar craving, try something like saffron extract. If you're a sugar craver in the afternoon because of work stress, kid stress, life stress and sugar is your comfort, there's a reason for that. Cortisol is a sugar mobilizer that releases insulin. It drives the sugar out of your blood stream and you start craving the sugar. Plus, when you're stressed, you've got to feed the stress. You've got to feed your muscles and your brain because you're stressed out, so you need more sugar. So, you crave it.
What we have found is saffron is able to cut sugar cravings really well because it has an influence on serotonin which is the "feel good" neurotransmitter and so that can be helpful. So, try it. Watch your salt and try some of the spices and some of the...Is it Mr. Dash or Mrs. Dash? I can't remember, but I don't really use that. I just use a lot of spices and hot sauces and stuff like that. So, watch that salt and then, the real issue is the sugar. One great way to control sugar cravings is with things that boost serotonin. So, tryptophan, saffron extract, 5 HDT is another one there. So, yes. Please watch sodium and sugar intake.
Alright, next question."Are frozen foods healthier than canned foods?"
Yes. That was pretty easy. Frozen foods have been shown to preserve nutrients better. You don't have a lot of the salt preservatives and the nitrates that you find in canned foods so, yes. Fresh is always best, right? If you go into your grocery store, all of the fresh food is on the outside with refrigeration. That's where we need to be shopping.
We need to be filling up our shopping carts with about 80% of the stuff on the outside aisles--not the inside aisles. That's where you've got the pre-packaged stuff and the canned foods and the salts and the preservatives and the sugars and all that kind of stuff. So, you know, we can't always eat fresh. I get that. So, when you can't, stick to the frozen. It is better. More nutrients. Less preservatives. Yes, I like frozen food better than canned.
This is Healthy Talk on RadioMD. I'm Dr. Mike. Stay well. - Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Internal Notes NO GUEST
- Host Mike Smith, MD
Additional Info
- Segment Number 4
- Audio File healthy_talk/1509ht4d.mp3
- Organization Life Extension
- Guest Website Healthy Talk MD
-
Transcription
RadioMD Presents: Healthy Talk | Original Air Date: February 26, 2015
Host: Michael Smith, MD
RadioMD. It's time to ask Dr. Mike on Healthy Talk. Do you have a question about your health? Dr. Mike can answer your questions. Just email: AskDrMikeSmith@RadioMD.com or call now: 877-711-5211. The lines are open.
Alright. My first question is, "I get chronic styes in my right eye. Why is that and why my right eye?"
Good questions. So, let me use this opportunity just to kind of educate a little bit about styes. Styes are an oil gland at the edge of the eyelid that becomes infected. They are infections, right? I mean, just go on Google and just type in or search "stye".
You'll see all kinds of images. Some of them, they can get pretty big in some cases and be pretty gross looking. For the most part, it just looks like a little pimple on the eyelid. In most cases, it's on the outside of the lid. Sometimes they can be more on the inside which causes a little more pain and irritation for people because it's rubbing up against the eye. But, that's what it is. It's an oil gland that becomes infected.
As a matter of fact, the most common bacteria in a stye is one that's very common in the nasal cavity and the sinus cavity. It's called staphylococcal bacteria and, usually, people that are prone to this...Well, first of all, everybody, whether you realize this or not, everybody rubs their eyes, rubs their nose. You're constantly doing that. You're constantly touching yourself. That didn't sound right. You're constantly touching your face and so, yes, you rub your eyes, rub your nose and just the bacteria—the staphylococcus—spreads and gets into an oil gland and becomes infected.
So, to answer your question, first of all, why your right eye? Well, based on what we understand how this bacteria goes from your nose to your eye, you're rubbing your right eye more. That would be the answer.
Listen, as a radiologist, I've looked at some pretty weird images of peoples' sinus cavities. It's rare, but I've seen cases where people have connections between the sinus cavities, the nasal cavities and the eye ducts. I mean, I've seen it. Sometimes it happens when people have chronic sinusitis. That chronic inflamed lining of the sinuses connection causes some erosions into the bones and allow weird connections to happen in between the eye and the sinuses. So, maybe there's something there. Do you suffer from chronic sinusitis and you now have this easy connection between the sinus cavity and your eye ducts? I don't know. Maybe. I guess if you do have chronic sinusitis, that might be it. Or, maybe you're just rubbing your right eye more. So, I don't really have a direct answer for you. It is interesting. You know, I looked this up.
You can go to AllAboutVision.com. I just did it myself. AllAboutVision.com. It's a nice website. It's kind of like the WebMD for eyes and it does say on their page about styes that it does seem to happen on one eye or the other more often than not. Now, it doesn't say right or left, so most likely, that tells me that we tend to rub our right eyes more or left eyes more and that's where the styes form. So, that's probably why.
So now, the chronic condition of this, what happens first of all, there are two ways to look at this. So, you have chronic styes. Number one, it could be related to some sort of weird connection you have between your sinuses and your eyes, like especially if you have chronic sinusitis. So, that's one aspect of that. That's the first question I would ask you in my office is I would say, "Well, do you have chronic sinusitis? Do we have some sort of weird connection that's formed from all of that inflammation in your sinuses?" That would be one route to look at.
But, the other route, when it comes to chronic styes, is stress. We know that when we're stressed, when we have high levels of cortisol and the neurotransmitters, epinephrine, norepinephrine, when we're just revved up, when our body is under a sympathetic drive—that fight or flight—we produce more oil. So, a lot of times when people are stressed out, they will produce more oil in the gland. That oil has a greater chance of being clogged. You, then, rub the bacteria in it from your nose and boom! There's the stye. So, it could be related to an anatomical situation with chronic sinusitis or it could be related to stress.
Those are the two most common reasons for chronic styes. But, it is an infection. I often got the question when I was practicing out in Texas, "Is it contagious?" Kids get this a lot because they're rubbing gunk all over their face, right? I mean, kids use their hands as tissue. So, you see styes a lot in children and a common question that I would get from parents is, "Is it contagious?" Technically speaking, it can be. It's not pink eye. That's different--totally different.
But it is contagious because it is staphylococcus and so you have to be careful with it. But, it's not highly contagious. It's not pink eye or anything like that. But, yes. You need to be aware that it is infectious. I think a lot of people don't realize it is infectious. Don't ever pop it, either. You know, a lot of times, people, especially when the stye is on the outside of the lid, they will be very tempted to pop it because it's pimple-ish. We like to pop pimples. The problem is when you do pop it, first of all, you can now spread that infection into the eye, so you have to be careful, right?
But also remember, too, you could have a stye on the outside of the lid or on the inside, but in some cases, it covers both of them. It starts on the inside and travels to the outside. So, if you pop it, you could push all that gunk to the inside and it pops in the inside and can infect more of the bottom of the lid, the eyelid and can cause a lot of problems. The more you pop a stye, because they often seem to happen in the same areas, you really start to break down those oil glands and they lose their integrity and you're going to be at increased risk for styes down the line. So, don't pop them. People love to do it. It's very tempting, but don't do that. Okay. So, that's the stye. You're right eye—it's either chronic sinusitis or you're just rubbing your right eye and the reason it's happening a lot, may be just stress. So, some of those are the answer there.
Okay, let's go on to the next question. "I was wondering if there are any natural ways to cure heartburn. Thanks, Lauren."
Lauren, yes. You know, one of my favorite natural ways to cure heartburn, is called d-limonene. D-limonene is a compound that comes from citrus fruit and it just coats the stomach really well. It's one of the most effective supplements I've ever seen. What I mean by that is you can take somebody with heartburn symptoms, and put them on d-limonene for a couple weeks. You kind of have to load it up in the system, but often, after that first two weeks, most people can control their heartburn with just one or two a week—a week, right?
So, you know, people with heartburn are popping antacids like candy throughout the entire day, every day, but with d-limonene, you can get to a point with maybe one pill a week, maybe 2 pills a week and it can control the heartburn. It is that effective and people swear by d-limonene. So, I would check that out.
The only caveat to that and the only warning with d-limonene, Lauren, is if you've been diagnosed with ulcer disease. If you already have an ulcer, a gastric ulcer or a peptic ulcer, d-limonene is a mild acid and I know that seems weird, right? You're using a mild acid to control heartburn, but it works. But, if you have an ulcer, it can irritate it a little bit and you might have some pain with it. So, if you have established ulcer disease, don't take d-limonene. Something like carnosine is better for that. Or licorice. So, try d-limonene if you don't have ulcers.
This is Healthy Talk on RadioMD. I'm Dr. Mike. Stay well. - Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Internal Notes NO GUEST
- Host Mike Smith, MD
Additional Info
- Segment Number 1
- Audio File healthy_talk/1509ht4a.mp3
- Organization Life Extension
- Guest Website Healthy Talk MD
- Length (mins) 10
- Waiver Received No
- Internal Notes NO GUEST
- Host Mike Smith, MD
